Page 69 - rp-may-2020

Vaccines in the first year of life
2
CPD CREDITS
This activity has been accredited for 1 hour
of Group One CPD (or 1 CPD credit) suitable
for inclusion in an individual pharmacist’s CPD plan which can be
converted to 1 hour of Group Two CPD (or 2 CPD credits) upon
successful completion of relevant assessment activities.
1. Which vaccine has a risk of intussusception of 1.5 cases
in 100,000?
A) Rotavirus vaccine.
B) MMR vaccine.
C) Infanrix-hexa vaccine.
D) Hepatitis B vaccine.
E) MenACWY-TT vaccine.
2. Rosie was diagnosed with a neuroblastoma at age three months
and is undergoing chemotherapy. Which TWO vaccines should
be avoided for Rosie? (Select two).
A) Rotavirus vaccines.
B) MMR vaccine.
C) Infanrix-hexa.
D) Hepatitis B vaccine.
E) MenACWY-TT vaccine.
3. Helen, a mother of seven-month-old Jack, wants to know what
the risks are for the MMR vaccine? What is the correct answer?
A) Autism.
B) Colitis.
C) Tuberculosis.
D) Commonly: fever and/or mild rash 5-12 days after immunisation.
Rarely: low platelet count and convulsions.
E) Death.
4. What is the transmission rate of the measles virus?
A) 1:5-10.
B) 1:9-18.
C) 1:20-25.
D) 1:30-39.
E) 1:50.
5. Bobby is a six-month-old Aboriginal boy living in Queensland.
Which two extra vaccines will he get during his first year of life?
(Select two).
A) 13vPCV vaccine.
B) MMR vaccine.
C) Infanrix-hexa vaccine.
D) Hepatitis A vaccine.
E) MenACWY-TT vaccine.
CPD ACTIVITY
67
RET AIL PHARMA C Y • MA Y 2020
in the first year of life are to prevent or modify the response to
notable serious diseases in the young. The antibodies gained
through the placenta (passive immunity) last for weeks to months,
hence the immunisation schedule begins very early in an infant’s
life with an aim of offering the best protection. Parents and
care givers often seek information regarding adverse effects.
This is relevant information but should always be balanced
against the benefits of vaccines. If needed, guide the parent or
care giver to written information. The Australian Department of
Health ‘Immunisation facts’ website
(campaigns.health.gov.au/
immunisationfacts)
offers clear, easy to read information regarding
immunisation with detailed personal stories.
References
1. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation. Australian Immunisation
Handbook, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, 2018.
immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au.
2. Services Australia Immunisation Register https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.
au/individuals/services/medicare/australian-immunisation-register Updated
Feb 2020. Accessed Mar 2020.
3. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Vaccine Types
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/vaccine-types Updated Jul 2019.
Accessed Mar2020.
4. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance. History of
immunisation in Australia. http://www.ncirs.org.au/health-professionals/history-
immunisation-australia Updated Dec 2019. Accessed Mar 2020.
5. Jutz J E. Hepatitis B virus immunisation in infants, children and adolescents. In:
UpToDate, Torchia MM (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2020. Accessed Mar 2020.
6. Gopal DT, et al. ‘Pertussis (whooping cough)’.
BMJ
, 2019; 364: l401.
7. Cornia P, et al. ‘Pertussis infection: Epidemiology, microbiology, and
pathogenesis’. In: UpToDate, Sullivan M (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2020.
Accessed Mar 2020.
8. eTG Complete. Prevention of Pertussis [Internet]. West Melbourne (Australia).
Therapeutic Guidelines Limited, 2019 [updated Apr 2019 Apr; cited Mar 2020].
Available from: eTG Complete.
9. MIMS Australia. (2020). Vaccines. Full Product Information. In: MIMS Online.
Retrieved from www.mimsonline.com.au. Accessed Mar 2020.
10. eTG Complete. Analgesic Dosing in Children [Internet]. West Melbourne
(Australia). Therapeutic Guidelines Limited, 2019 [updated Mar 2018 Mar;
cited Mar 2020]. Available from: eTG Complete.
11. Dey A, et al. ‘Changes in hospitalisations for acute gastroenteritis in Australia
after the national rotavirus vaccination program’.
MJA
, 2012; 197 (8): 453-457.
12. Centre of Disease control and Prevention. Rotavirus datasheet https://www.
cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/rota.pdf.Accessed Mar 2020.
13. DynaMed [Internet]. Ipswich (MA): EBSCO Information Services. 1995- .
Record no. T114180,
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
; [updated Dec 3 2018, Accessed
Mar 2020]. Available from https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114180.
Registration and login required.
14. DynaMed [Internet]. Ipswich (MA): EBSCO Information Services. 199 - .
Record No. T909558,
Pneumococcal Vaccination
; [updated Nov 30 2018; cited
Mar 2020]. Available from https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T909558.
Registration and login required.
15. Lucero MG, et al. ‘Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-
type invasive pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type
invasive pneumococcal disease and X-ray defined pneumonia in children less
than 2 years of age’.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
, 2009, Issue 4.
16. Haq IJ, et al. ‘Community acquired pneumonia in children’.
BMJ
, 2017; 356: j686.
17. Moss WJ. ‘Measles’.
The Lancet
, 2017; volume 390, issue 10111, pages 2490-2502.
18. Gans H, et al. ‘Measles’. In: UpToDate, Sullivan M (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA,
2020. Accessed Mar 2020.
19. Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C. ‘Vaccines for measles,
mumps and rubella in children’.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
,
2012; (2): CD004407.
20. Science M, et al. ‘Measles antibody levels in young infants’.
Pediatrics
,
2019; 144 (6).
21. Leask J, et al. ‘MMR, Wakefield and The Lancet: what can we learn?’
MJA
,
2010; 193 (1): 5-7.
22. Godlee F, et al. ‘Wakefield’s article linking MMR vaccine and autism was
fraudulent’.
BMJ
, 2011; 342: c7452.
23. General Medical Council, UK. ‘Fitness to practice hearing 2010 for
A Wakefield’. http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.
pdf_32595267.pdf. Accessed Mar 2020.
24. Marshall HS, et al. ‘First statewide meningococcal B vaccine program
in infants, children and adolescents: evidence for implementation in
South Australia’.
Med J Aust
, 2020; 212 (2): || doi: 10.5694/mja2.50481.
25. Dept of Heath. Meningococcal Disease (invasive) https://www1.health.gov.
au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-meningococcal-W.htm Updated Apr
2019. Accessed Mar2020
26. DynaMed [https://www.dynamed.com/condition/meningococcal-
disease#GUID-9DF43ACE-2553-443B-BCBB-27FDCCF8A022]. Ipswich (MA):
EBSCO Information Services. 1995- . Record No. T116912, Meningococcal
Disease; updated 2018 Dec 03, cited Mar 2020. Available from https://www.
dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116912. Registration and login required.
27. Australia Institute of Health and Welfare https://www.aihw.gov.au/
getmedia/2fca3ed6-d242-4454-a00f-e298dd120ccb/aihw-phe-236_ATSI.pdf.
aspx Updated 2018. Accessed Mar 2020.